Methods for making Beef Kerky

All you need to make beef jerky is the meat and a curing solution. The meat is the main ingredient used to make jerky. Range-fed, 100% premium, visibly lean, and USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) inspected flank steak is utilized to make the best-tasting jerky. Some producers use ground beef to create a somewhat different textured beef jerky. Typically, one pound of jerky is made from more than five pounds of meat. Although beef is the primary meat used to make meat jerky, other forms of meat are also utilized. Turkey has gained popularity as people believe it to be a healthier option than beef. It results in jerky that is softer than jerky made from beef.

The curing solution is used to provide a better taste and a longer shelf life for the beef jerky. It is also responsible for the final color of the product. The cure solution also has an antimicrobial effect, which prevents the growth of harmful bacteria. A typical curing solution is composed of water and salt plus sodium nitrite. The salt has a dehydrating effect on the meat. The sodium nitrite helps to retard the development of rancidity and stabilizes the color. Sodium ascorbate may also be added to increase the pink color of the meat.

The curing solution is mixed with a brine, which is an aqueous solution of seasonings, spices, salt, sugars, and phosphates. Some common flavorants used include soy sauce, lemon juice, pepper, monosodium glutinate (MSG), or garlic powder. Worcestershire sauce is also used, as is teriyaki sauce. The sugars that are used to provide a level of sweetness include sucrose, dextrose, brown sugar, and dark corn syrup. Flavored salts such as hickory salt or onion salt are also included in the brine. Sodium phosphates may also be used. Some manufacturers use a material known as liquid smoke, which is made by dissolving smoke in water. This material gives the meat a smoke cooked taste without requiring smoke during cooking. Since jerky is very tough, a tenderizing agents such as polyphosphates or papin enzyme can be included. The use of these materials is limited however, because it increases the amount of time required for drying.

The Manufacturing
Process

While many different techniques can be used to make jerky, each have the primary steps of preparing the meat, soaking it in a curing solution, and cooking it until it is dried.

Initial meat preparation

• 1 Jerky can be prepared from either whole muscle or ground beef. In both cases, the meat is first treated to remove the bones and connective tissue, then the fat is removed. There are generally three methods for defatting the meat. In one instance, the meat is put into a large centrifuge. This device creates a spinning motion, which causes the liquid fat particles to separate from the meat. In another method, the meat is pressed to squeeze out all of the fat. Fat can also be removed from the meat by filtering it.In addition to deboning and defatting, the meat is subjected to other processes, which help remove foreign bodies and other unwanted materials. The meat is put on a conveyor and workers inspect it as it passes by. It may then be put on a metal screen and shaken to remove unwanted material. Other processes may include water separation and the removal of any metals via magnets. Some plants even use x-ray examination to ensure the purity of the meat prior to use.

Preparing the curing solution

• 2 While the meat is being processed, the curing solution may be prepared. This is typically done in a large tank equipped with mixing blades. Water is filled into the tank and the salt, seasonings, and other materials are mixed in. The solution is heated as required until it is ready to be used. Since some of the materials are not water soluble, it is often necessary to mix before use.

Meat processing and curing

• 3 At this point, the meat can either be frozen and cut up into chunks by an automatic cutting machine or it can be ground up using a bowl chopping machine. Using the frozen meat method, the meat is allowed to partially thaw, which causes a release of the natural juices. The meat can then be dipped in the curing solution. It must be left in for an appropriately long time to allow total penetration of the liquid, however, not so long as to risk meat contamination. Another method of curing the meat is by injecting it with the curing solution by means of a multi-needle device. Meat treated as such is then sent to a large, stainless steel tumbling device that contains additional curing solution. This helps tenderize the meat and ensures the total penetration of the solution. If ground meat is used, the curing solution can be mixed directly into the meat to produce a workable paste. While ground meat is easier Once the meat is defatted, it is mixed with the curing solution.to work with, it produces a jerky with somewhat undesirable characteristics.
• 4 After seasoning, the meat is molded into blocks and cooled to a temperature of 18-28° F (-8 – -2.2° C). When it is adequately frozen, it is sliced into strips. The strips are preferably cut in line with the fiber of the meat. This makes the final product have a more natural looking texture. These strips are then spread out onto wire mesh trays and sent to drying ovens to be cooked. Here the meat strips are heated to 160° F (71.1° C) and gradually cooled to about 90° F (32.2° C). Depending on the method by which the meat was initially prepared, cooking can take as long as 12 hours. During cooking, the moisture in the meat is reduced to 20-40%.

Packaging

• 5 Many different types of packaging are used for beef jerky. To preserve freshness, most jerky is packaged in a vacuum-sealed bag. One manufacturer uses a triple barrier bag in which the meat is put in, the package is evacuated, filled with nitrogen, and sealed. This method removes all oxygen from the system thereby preventing spoilage due to oxidation. Recently, manufacturers have introduced a resealable type package. These bags are initially vacuum sealed, but also have a zip lock so they can be closed after opening. After the individual meat pieces are packed, they are placed in boxes, put on pallets, and shipped via truck to retail stores.

Quality Control

In any food processing facility, quality control is extremely important. Governmental regulations require that certain minimum standards be met for any raw material that will be used. Meats in particular are heavily regulated because the use of poor quality meat represents a significant health risk. Most companies will use only high quality meat to assure their jerky is of similar quality. All the initial raw materials are checked prior to processing for such things as such as pH, percentage moisture, odor, taste, and appearance.

The cured meat is cut, spread out on trays, and dried into a jerky.Additionally, sanitation procedures for the production equipment are also subject to regulation. Since the beef jerky will be ingested, steps must be taken to ensure that it will have an appealing taste and be free from contamination. For this reason, tests similar to the ones run on the initial raw materials are performed on the final product.

The Future

It is anticipated that future developments in meat jerky processing will be found in a few key areas. An important area of product development is focused on developing new flavors of meat jerky. This involves creating different recipes and using various kinds of meats. To further boost the image of meat jerky as a healthy snack, manufacturers will attempt to find ways of reducing the salt content of the final product. In the manufacturing area, a more continuous process is being developed. These techniques should result in more consistent product produced in a much shorter time period. Also, environmental concerns should lead to the development of waste-minimizing technologies.